Mechanism: vitamins B9 and B12 are essential to one-carbon metabolism, supporting DNA synthesis, amino-acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation.
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways driven by folate and methionine to generate methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation.
B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism: Implications in Human Health and Disease.
Evidence scope. Narrative biochemistry/disease review; mechanism-only claim, carries no dosing or efficacy assertion.